Lithoshpere
Activities: Mini posters, Brain pop
Topics: Earth Interior, Plate tectonic and Faults

Earth Interiors

"http://player.vimeo.com/video/39633397

There are four layers of earth.Crust, Mantle, Outer Core and Inner Core. Outside of the earth is less dense and inside is more dense. Crust is the part of the lithosphere. It is outer layer that we live on that is made up of plates. There are two types of crust oceanic crust and continental crust. Mantle is very thick and is made up of molten (melted) rock that is like a liquid and flows very slowly. It moves the plates of the crust with convection currents.Outer core is completely liquid. It is made up of melted metals ( iron and nickel). Inner core is solid and is made up of nickel and iron as well.

Faults

Faults are the large fracture. There are three types if faults Normal fault, Reverse fault and Strik slip fault. Normal fault is move down. Reverse fault move upward and strik slip fault move slide in opposite direction.

Plate Tectonics

The theory of plate tectonic says that the earth's crust is broken up into pieces called plates and these pieces move on top of the liquid mantle. There are two types of plates continental plates and oceanic plates. These plates float on top of the liquid mantle and move around due to convection currents.

Continental Drift

The continental drift tells that continents once formed a single landmass broken apart and drifted to their present location.The person who thought of this theory was Alfred Wegeners. The continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea. The evidence of continental drift is puzzle. Puzzle is continents fit together like a puzzle, Fossils, Rock record & Mountain rang.

Plate Boundaries

There are three types of plate boundaries, Divergent boundary, Convergent boundary and Transform boundary. Divergent boundary is moving apart away or separate. It forms new ocean floor and rift valley. There are three types of divergent boundary. Mid ocean ridge is an ocean floor feature resembling a mountain ridge on land. Where oceanic plates continue to separate. Sea floor spreading is process that for a new sea floor. Magnetic reversals is evidence of sea floor. Rift valleys is flat area between two mountain that is formed by spreading plates. Convergent boundary is comes together. It forms Mountain and Volcanoes. There are also three types of convergent boundary. Mountain building in which mountain were made. Subduction zone is one plate goes under the other. Deep sea trench depression hole in the ocean. Transform boundary is movement up and down. It forms earthquakes.

Volcanoes

Volcanoes found all over the world. It happen when pressure inside earth causes hot molten rock. It is an opening in the earth that erupts gases. Volcanoes are very powerful. There are three types of volcanoes. Shield, Cinder cone and Composite. Cinder cone made of rock particles, dust and ash. Shield volcano often form under water at the divergent plate boundary. Composite is made up lava and rock particles a convergent plate boundary one plate is pushed under. Magma melted rock under the surface. Lava melted rock above the surface.

Earthquakes

When the plates moving on fault line are cause of Earthquakes, Mountain, Trenches and Volcanoes. Where the earthquake starts is the focus point under the earth's surface. Directly above the focus is epicenter place on earth surface. The moving of plates that builds a pressure in rock. It makes rock break that rock breakage creates three types of Seismic waves. P- Wave that are like sound waves and is the fastest wave. It moves back and fourth. S-Wave move up and down. It is the wave that cut rock and it is the slowest wave. The last wave is L-Wave is the most dangerous wave it move both P and S wave. We measured the Earthquake that tells the speed of earthquake by using seismograph. Its tells us how big the waves were and how long it happened. Sometimes earthquakes are very slow even we did not notice and sometimes it's too fast that broke everything. Tsunami is a large ocean wave that is caused by an earthquake under the ocean. Earthquakes and Tsunami effect people's life, damage buildings, roads, damage to transportation and communication.

Our Shaking World Video

Phases of the Moon

                                     Vocabulary

Lunar Revolution: قمری انقلاب

It is when the moon revolve around the earth and it takes 29.5 days.

Waxing:

It is when the moon is getting bigger.
Waning:

It is when the moon is getting smaller.

New Moon:چاند

No moon, the moon is not visible.

Crescent Moon:چاند

Less than half of the moon is visible.

Quarter Moon:سہ ماہی چاند

Half of the moon is visible.

Gibbous Moon:کبڑا چاند

More than half of the moon is visible.

Full Moon:پورے چاند کی

All of the moon is visible.

                                                                 Summary

There are different phases of the moon. the moon takes 29.5 days average to revolve around the earth. The light from the moon come from the sun. the names of the different phases of the moon are New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning Crescent. The difference between waxing and waning is that when the moon is growing and moon face is always on right side is waxing and when the moon is getting smaller and moon face is always on left side is waning.

                                                                   Video

How is earth affected by movement (revolution)?

The movement of earth and the moon is revolution. The causes of rotation on earth is day and night. The movement of the moons around the earth causes the tides sometimes high , low and sometimes normal. Earth revolution takes 365 days to revolve around the sun. The evidence of revolution are seasons. There are four seasons on earth is Summer, Fall equinox, Winter and Vernal equinox. When the earth is tilted away from the sun then its winter and when it is towards the sun then its summer.Gravity and Revolution causes water level on earth.

                                              Reflection Questions

What did you enjoy most about this project and why?

The things that I like most about this project is working with my group. They are very helpful and the rehearsal part because we do wrong things and it was fun.

What was most challenging for you during this project and why?

The most challenging part is planning about the project because I am the story board planner so it was challenging.

What new skills did you learn from doing this project?

The new skills I learned is to manage the time and how to organize the project.

Is there anything that you could have done to improve any of your work? Explain

I could improve my work is being more creative in making pictures and video.

Geologic Time - Mississippian Period

The Mississippian Period is started 360 to 325 million years ago. Mississippian period is when Crinoids, Corals and Brachiopods all develop successfully in the sea during the Mississippian period and the only vertebrate animals are the fishes and Amphibians. Mississippian marbles and limestones, filled with fossils of flower like invertebrates called Crinoids.




Project Reflection:


1. What did you enjoy most about this project?

 I like to make the video and I like that we can choose any music we want for video.

2. What was most challenging about this project? why?

 The most challenging about this project is making video because I never the video before.

3. What you change about this project and why?

 I change the due date of the project because we could do work slow and learn more about our periods.

4. What are 3 things that you learned from this project?

 I learned from this project is that how to make the Video, Glog and about the Mississippian period.

Stars

  What is a Star?

 Star is a large shining ball of very hot gas. they are very far from us so they look small but, Indeed some are bigger and brighter than the sun. stars have different colors and size. Stars are made in big clouds of dust and gas.
The gravity makes parts of clouds gets smaller when it shrinks it makes hotter and when it is hot enough the nuclear reaction start and then a star is born.

  Types of Star

 There are four  types of stars. There names are Main Sequence, Supergaints, Giants and white Dwarfs. There are three stages of stars Young Stars, Middle age Stars, and Old Stars. The yellow and red dwarf are young stars. the red giant, blue giant, super giant and main sequence stars are middle age stars and old stars is white dwarf.
There are different temperature of stars Hot stars, Medium stars and Cold stars Blue giant, White dwarf and Main sequence are hot stars. The yellow dwarf, Red giant and Main sequence are medium stars and cold stars are Red dwarf,Red giant and main sequence.Stars are grouped with their size, color, luminosity their temperature and their spectral class.

  H-R Diagram

A diagram that astronomers used to grouped stars according to their type. An H-R diagram that shows the characteristics of stars that tells different stages of stars, their sequence their colors size the surface temperature and the luminosity of the stars and tall about small stars to massive stars the names of the stars and the types of the stars.

 Nuclear Fusion

The nuclear has two molecules that are Hydrogen and Helium. A nuclear fusion is when the inside a star change two hydrogen into a helium molecule and then its make a star.This is how a star makes energy. The nuclear fusion creates an energy.

 The Life Cycle of a Star

The life of a star is stellar nebula the stars that born in giant cloud are stellar nebula and then the protostar A baby star. The three types of stars in the space are Sun like Stars, Huge Stars and Giant stars. The Sun like Stars are Red giant are bright stars, old stars and middle age stars. Planetary nebula are the form of a big cloud of dust and gases.White dwarf are white stars white dwarf is Old age star and white dwarf are small star it is hot star and Black dwarf star are cold and dark object.

The huge Stars are Red super giant, Supernova is the giant explosion of the star. Neutron Star when the star will again collapse after explosion and the Giant Stars are Red super giant, Supernove and Black hole are after the explosion the star will again collapse then it become black hole.


   

Hurricane Irene Project

 Critical Thinking

1.  What effect does water temperature have on the creation a hurricane?
     
     The water temperature is warm sun heat the water into the ocean that is the creation of hurricane.

2. Why would there be more damage to an area during high tide?

       There would be more damage because during the high tide the water level is high and water
        came out in the ocean.

3.  If the area is fully saturated, how will be more dangerous for an area?

     It is more dangerous because the area that is fully saturated the water comes out from the ground
      and trees blown down its effect on environment so it dangerous for an area.

4.  Why would there be more flooding if the ground was fully saturated?

      Because its already filled with water and there be more flooding.

 Reflection

1.  What is something that you liked about this mini-Project?

      I like that i learned about Hurricane Irene in detail and working in my group.

2.   what was difficult for you on this project?

      To find some information and the vocabulary words.

3.   What would you change about your work on this project?

       I would use more vocabulary words and write good questions.
   
4.  How did this project help you learn about Hurricane Irene?
   
     The presentation help me to learn about all parts of Hurricane Irene. Before i don't know about the
      storm how does it happen.