Lithoshpere
Activities: Mini posters, Brain pop
Topics: Earth Interior, Plate tectonic and Faults

Earth Interiors

"http://player.vimeo.com/video/39633397

There are four layers of earth.Crust, Mantle, Outer Core and Inner Core. Outside of the earth is less dense and inside is more dense. Crust is the part of the lithosphere. It is outer layer that we live on that is made up of plates. There are two types of crust oceanic crust and continental crust. Mantle is very thick and is made up of molten (melted) rock that is like a liquid and flows very slowly. It moves the plates of the crust with convection currents.Outer core is completely liquid. It is made up of melted metals ( iron and nickel). Inner core is solid and is made up of nickel and iron as well.

Faults

Faults are the large fracture. There are three types if faults Normal fault, Reverse fault and Strik slip fault. Normal fault is move down. Reverse fault move upward and strik slip fault move slide in opposite direction.

Plate Tectonics

The theory of plate tectonic says that the earth's crust is broken up into pieces called plates and these pieces move on top of the liquid mantle. There are two types of plates continental plates and oceanic plates. These plates float on top of the liquid mantle and move around due to convection currents.

Continental Drift

The continental drift tells that continents once formed a single landmass broken apart and drifted to their present location.The person who thought of this theory was Alfred Wegeners. The continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea. The evidence of continental drift is puzzle. Puzzle is continents fit together like a puzzle, Fossils, Rock record & Mountain rang.

Plate Boundaries

There are three types of plate boundaries, Divergent boundary, Convergent boundary and Transform boundary. Divergent boundary is moving apart away or separate. It forms new ocean floor and rift valley. There are three types of divergent boundary. Mid ocean ridge is an ocean floor feature resembling a mountain ridge on land. Where oceanic plates continue to separate. Sea floor spreading is process that for a new sea floor. Magnetic reversals is evidence of sea floor. Rift valleys is flat area between two mountain that is formed by spreading plates. Convergent boundary is comes together. It forms Mountain and Volcanoes. There are also three types of convergent boundary. Mountain building in which mountain were made. Subduction zone is one plate goes under the other. Deep sea trench depression hole in the ocean. Transform boundary is movement up and down. It forms earthquakes.

Volcanoes

Volcanoes found all over the world. It happen when pressure inside earth causes hot molten rock. It is an opening in the earth that erupts gases. Volcanoes are very powerful. There are three types of volcanoes. Shield, Cinder cone and Composite. Cinder cone made of rock particles, dust and ash. Shield volcano often form under water at the divergent plate boundary. Composite is made up lava and rock particles a convergent plate boundary one plate is pushed under. Magma melted rock under the surface. Lava melted rock above the surface.

Earthquakes

When the plates moving on fault line are cause of Earthquakes, Mountain, Trenches and Volcanoes. Where the earthquake starts is the focus point under the earth's surface. Directly above the focus is epicenter place on earth surface. The moving of plates that builds a pressure in rock. It makes rock break that rock breakage creates three types of Seismic waves. P- Wave that are like sound waves and is the fastest wave. It moves back and fourth. S-Wave move up and down. It is the wave that cut rock and it is the slowest wave. The last wave is L-Wave is the most dangerous wave it move both P and S wave. We measured the Earthquake that tells the speed of earthquake by using seismograph. Its tells us how big the waves were and how long it happened. Sometimes earthquakes are very slow even we did not notice and sometimes it's too fast that broke everything. Tsunami is a large ocean wave that is caused by an earthquake under the ocean. Earthquakes and Tsunami effect people's life, damage buildings, roads, damage to transportation and communication.